<script>
function disableButton() {
document.getElementById("ID_OF_BUTTON").disabled = true;
}
</script>
Then, use the OnClientClick property of the button to call this code:
<asp:Button ID="ID_OF_BUTTON" runat="server" Text="Click Me" OnClientClick="disableButton();" UseSubmitBehavior="false" />
NOTE: I have not used this on a form that has client validation, so I'm not sure how of if this would work in that situation.